https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197674284.003.0002
Journal: The Myth of the Community Fix, 2023, p.17-38
Publisher: Oxford University PressNew York
Author: Sarah D. Cate
Abstract
Abstract Chapter 1 begins by laying out the relationship between juvenile justice policy and broader social policy. The overview of several major themes of post–New Deal policy developments—devolution, privatization, individualization of social problems, and punitiveness—provides the important context for understanding the effects of the community-based reform movement today. Each of these shifts in social policy marks a substantial departure from the idea of government for the public good. Leveraging this historical institutionalist approach helps to explain why the community-based reform movement mirrors these broader policy developments, and it also helps illuminate why the reforms are largely failing to improve the experiences of youth caught up in the justice system. Pursuing devolution, privatization, and individual solutions within the context of decades of austerity politics and the retrenchment of public goods makes the current community-based reform movement particularly inadequate and ineffective.
List of references
- Abraxas Academy. 2016. “Abraxas Academy: Secure Treatment Program.” http://www.abraxasyfs.com/facilities/academy/pdf/AA_Brochure.pdf.
- Ajmani, N., & E. Webster. 2016. “Failure after Farrell: Violence and Inadequate Mental Health Care in California’s Division of Juvenile Justice.” Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice. http://www.cjcj.org/uploads/cjcj/documents/failure_after_farrell_djj.pdf.
- Corporate Mobilization and Political Power: The Transformation of U.S. Economic Policy in the 1970s.”, American Sociological Review
- Aldrich,, Beaumont Dream Center Hoping to Move into Former Al Price Youth Facility., 12New
- The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness
- Alfonseca, K. 2019. “California’s Juvenile Justice System Had 16 Years to Fix Its Abuse Problems. It Didn’t.” The Huffpost, February 19. https://www.huffpost.com/entry/california-juvenile-justice-abuse-harassment_n_5c51cf59e4b00906b26fcc11.
- Alternative Rehabilitation Communities. 2016a. “About Us.” http://www.arcfamily.com/about/about-us/.
- Alternative Rehabilitation Communities. 2016b. “Success Stories.” http://www.arcfamily.com/success-stories/.
- American Civil Liberties Union. 2014. “Alone and Afraid: Children Held in Solitary Confinement and Isolation in Juvenile Detention and Correctional Facilities.” https://www.aclu.org/files/assets/Alone%20and%20Afraid%20COMPLETE%20FINAL.pdf.
- American Federation of Teachers. 2018. “A Decade of Neglect: Public Education Funding in the Aftermath of the Great Recession.” https://www.aft.org/sites/default/files/decade-of-neglect-2018.pdf.
- AngelList. 2015. “Assessments.com.” https://angel.co/assessments-com.
- Angwin, J., J. Larson, S. Mattu, and L. Kirchner. 2016. “Machine Bias: There’s Software Used across the Country to Predict Future Criminals. And It’s Biased against Blacks. ProPublica, May 23. https://www.propublica.org/article/machine-bias-risk-assessments-in-criminal-sentencing.
- Annie E. Casey Foundation. 2013. “Reducing Youth Incarceration in the United States.” Data Snapshot: Kids Count. http://www.aecf.org/resources/reducing-youth-incarceration-in-the-united-states/.
- Annie E. Casey Foundation. 2014. “Juvenile Detention Alternatives Initiative.” http://www.aecf.org/work/juvenile-justice/jdai/.
- 216Annie E. Casey Foundation. 2018. “Court Fees and Fines Are Hurting Low-Income Families in Alabama.” https://www.aecf.org/blog/court-fees-and-fines-are-hurting-low-income-families-in-alabama/.
- Annie E. Casey Foundation. 2020a. “Children Whose Parents Lack Secure Employment in Texas.” Data set. Kids Count Data Center. https://datacenter.kidscount.org/data/tables/5043-children-whose-parents-lack-secure-employment?loc=45&loct=2#detailed/2/6,40,45/false/37,871,870,573,869,36,868,867,133,38/any/11452,11453.
- Annie E. Casey Foundation. 2020b. “Persons 18 to 24 in Poverty in Texas.” Data set. Kids Count Data Center. https://datacenter.kidscount.org/data/tables/51-persons-18-to-24-in-poverty?loc=45&loct=2#detailed/2/6,40,45/false/1729,37,871,870,573,869,36,868,867,133/any/337,338.
- Driven from New Orleans: How Nonprofits Betray Public Housing and Promote Privatization
- Punishing Not-for-Profit: Implications of Nonprofit Privatization in Juvenile Punishment., Punishment & Society
- Philanthropy and Cultural Imperialism: The Foundations at Home and Abroad
- Community-Based Program Evaluation Series: Overview of Community-Based Juvenile Probation Programs., Texas Juvenile Justice Department.
- Cheap on Crime: Recession-Era Politics and the Transformation of American Punishment
- Aryna, N., E. Lotke, L. Ryan, M. Schindler, D. Shoenberg, and M. Soler. 2005. “Keystones for Reform: Promising Juvenile Justice Policies and Practices in Pennsylvania.” MacArthur Foundation: Models for Change, October. http://www.modelsforchange.net/publications/151.
- Views from the Streets: The Transformation of Gangs and Violence on Chicago’s South Side
- Naked City: Off the Desk.” August 7.
- Austin, J., K. D. Johnson, and M. Gregoriou. 2000. “Juvenile in Adult Prisons and Jails: A National Assessment.” Bureau of Justice Assistance. https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/bja/182503.pdf.
- NCCD Research Review: Wider, Stronger, and Different Nets: The Dialectics of Criminal Justice Reform., Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency
- Baird, C., T. Healy, K. Johnson, A. Bogie, E. W. Dankert, and C. Scharenroch. 2013. “A Comparison of Risk Assessment Instrument in Juvenile Justice.” National Council on Crime and Delinquency. http://nccdglobal.org/sites/default/files/publication_pdf/nccd_fire_report.pdf.
- Reflections: A Quarter Century of Reform in Massachusetts Youth Corrections., Crime and Delinquency
- Tough on Crime (on the State’s Dime): How Violent Crime Does Not Drive California Counties’ Incarceration Rates and Why It Should., Georgia State Law Review
- April 8.
- In Texas, Juvenile Sex Offenders Get Virtual Life Sentence.”
- Got Dough? How Billionaires Rule Our Schools.”
- The Politics of Imprisonment: How the Democratic Process Shapes the Way America Punishes Offenders
- Study Finds Parole ‘A Roll of the Dice’ for Those Convicted as Teens., University of Oregon: Around the O.
- No One Knows Why, but Juvenile Crime Has Gone Way Down in California.”, SFist.
- Barned-Smith, S. J. 2016. “Jail Nears Capacity, Ships 133 Inmates to Private Facilities.” Houston Chronicle, April 15. http://www.chron.com/news/houston-texas/article/As-jail-hits-capacity-county-ships-133-inmates-7251276.php.
- Unequal Democracy: The Political Economy of the New Gilded Age
- ‘We Now Breach More Kids in a Week Than We Used to in a Whole Year’: The Punitive Turn, Enforcement and Custody., Youth Justice
- Baumgartner v. City of Long Beach (Ca. 1987). https://www.ylc.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/baumgartnercomplaint1stamended.pdf.
- Beatty, D. 2002. “An Assessment of Texas Juvenile Intensive Supervision Programs.” Applied Research Projects, Texas State University–San Marcos. https://digital.library.txstate.edu/handle/10877/3673.
- Mapping the Shadow Carceral State: Toward an Institutionally Capacious Approach to Punishment., Theoretical Criminology
- Beckett,, Making Crime Pay: Law and Order in Contemporary American Politics
- Beitsch, R. 2015. “States Slowly Scale Back Juvenile Sex Offender Registries.” Pew Charitable Trusts, November 19. https://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/blogs/stateline/2015/11/19/states-slowly-scale-back-juvenile-sex-offender-registries.
- Bell, B. 2012. “‘Fix It’: How Jay Kimbrough Became Rick Perry’s Troubleshooter.” Austin Statesman, August 19.
- The Community in Criminal Justice: Subordination, Consumption, Resistance, and Transformation., Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race
- Bennett, P. M., and V. Schiraldi. 2018. “LA Probation Governance Study.” Los Angeles County Executive’s Office. http://file.lacounty.gov/SDSInter/probation/1033765_LAPGS_FinalMergedReport_20180206.pdf.
- The Influence of the Carnegie, Ford, and Rockefeller Foundations on American Foreign Policy: The Ideology of Philanthropy
- The Cycle of Juvenile Justice
- Bernier, N. 2013. “Texas Youth Placed in Solitary Confinement More Than 36,000 Times Last Year.” KUT Radio, Austin, April 22. https://www.kut.org/post/texas-youth-placed-solitary-confinement-more-36000-times-last-year.
- Burning Down the House: The End of Juvenile Prison.
- The Workfare State: Public Assistance Politics from the New Deal to the New Democrats
- The Kennedy-Johnson Years, Social Theory, and Federal Policy in the Control of Juvenile Delinquency., Crime & Delinquency
- Blakinger, K. 2019. “‘This Place Is a Jungle’: Texas Youth Prisons Still Beset by Gangs, Violence, Abuse.” Houston Chronicle. December 30, 2019.
- Turf Wars in Progressive Era Juvenile Justice: The Relationship of Private and Public Child Care Agencies., Crime & Delinquency
- 218Blueprints for Healthy Youth Development. 2016a. “Promoting Alternative Thinking Strategies (PATHS).” http://www.blueprintsprograms.com/evaluation-abstract/promoting-alternative-thinking-strategies-paths.
- Blueprints for Healthy Youth Development. 2016b. “Strong African American Families Program.” http://www.blueprintsprograms.com/evaluation-abstract/strong-african-american-families-program.
- Blueprints for Violence Prevention. 2016. “LifeSkills Training Program and Positive Educational Outcomes.” http://www.colorado.edu/cspv/blueprints/lst-grant/forms/Application/LSTEducationalOutcomes.pdf. Bonk, C. 2020. “Inside the Alleged Abuse of At-Risk Youth in PA Treatment Centers.” Public Opinion Online, April 30. https://www.publicopiniononline.com/in-depth/news/local/2020/04/30/pennsylvania-youth-treatment-centers-have-been-accused-abusing-kids-south-mountain/4084874002/.
- Booraem v. Orange County (Ca. 1998). ylc.org/wpcontent/uploads/2018/11/booraemsettlement.pdf.
- Creating the Responsible Prisoner Federal Admission and Orientation Packs., Punishment & Society
- Bowman, T. 2003. “Judge Warns Child Rapist ‘a High Risk to Re-Offend.’” Patriot-News (Harrisburg, PA), February 4.
- Breen, J. S. 2011. “Capitalizing Labor: What Work Is Worth and Why, from the New Deal to the New Economy.” PhD dissertation, University of Pennsylvania. https://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI3462187/.
- Neo-liberalism and the End of Liberal Democracy., Theory & Event
- Bundy, T. 2014. “Solitary Confinement, Even for Youth.” San Diego Union-Tribune, April 17. http://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/2014/apr/17/cir-youth-solitary-confinement/.
- Burke, B., and M. Simpson. (2015). “A Solitary Failure: The Waste, Cost and Harm of Solitary Confinement in Texas.” American Civil Liberties Union. file:///Users/sarahcate/Downloads/SolitaryReport_2015%20(2).pdf.
- Burrell, S. 2014. “The Legislature’s Role in Juvenile Justice Reform: A California Example.” National Council on Crime & Delinquency. http://nccdglobal.org/blog/the-legislature-s-role-in-juvenile-justice-reform-a-california-example.
- Representing the Juvenile Delinquent: Reform, Social Science, and Teenage Troubles in Postwar Texas.
- Who Gets a Childhood? Race and Juvenile Justice in Twentieth-Century Texas
- Business Wire. (2019a). “Alameda County, California Expands Relationship with Tyler Technologies.” August 13. https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20190813005039/en/Alameda-County-California-Expands-Relationship-Tyler-Technologies.
- Business Wire. 2019b. “Yolo County, California, Selects Courts and Justice Solutions from Tyler Technologies.” Yahoo! Finance. https://finance.yahoo.com/news/yolo-county-california-selects-courts-131700235.html.
- Butts, J., and D. Evans. (2011). “Resolution, Reinvestment and Realignment: Three Strategies for Changing Juvenile Justice.” John Jay College of Criminal Justice. http://www.jjay.cuny.edu/4851.php.
- The End of Laissez-Faire? On the Durability of Embedded Neoliberalism
- California Board of State and Community Corrections. 2014. “Youthful Offender Block Grant 2013–14: Planned Programs and Expenditures.” http://www.bscc.ca.gov/downloads/YOBG_Program_Descriptions_for_Posting_on_the_Web_7_18_2013.pdf.
- California Board of State and Community Corrections. 2015. “Youthful Offender Block Grant 2015–16: Planned Programs and Expenditures.” http://www.bscc.ca.gov/downloads/201516%20YOBG%20Program%20Descriptions.pdf.
- 219California Board of State and Community Corrections. 2018. “Juvenile Justice Crime Prevention Act and Youthful Offender Block Grant: JJCPA-YOBG County Expenditure and Data Reports.” March. http://www.bscc.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018-JJCPA-YOBG-Leg-Report-FINAL-3.9.18.pdf.
- California Budget and Policy Center. 2020. “High-Income Households and Corporations Benefit the Most from California’s Tax Breaks.” https://calbudgetcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/CA_Budget_Center_tax-expenditures-2020.pdf.
- California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation. 2019. California Code of Regulations. https://www.cdcr.ca.gov/juvenile-justice/wp-content/uploads/sites/168/2019/07/Adopted-Regulation-YAP-Pilot-18-001remediated.pdf.
- California Department of Justice. 2021. “Frequently Asked Questions: California Tiered Sex Offender Registration (Senate Bill 384) for Registrants.” https://oag.ca.gov/sites/all/files/agweb/pdfs/csor/registrant-faqs.pdf.
- California Division of Juvenile Justice. 2021. “Our Mission.” https://www.cdcr.ca.gov/juvenile-justice/mission-statement/.
- California Legislative Analyst’s Office. 2004. “Proposition 1A: Local Government Finance.” http://www.lao.ca.gov/ballot/2004/1A_11_2004.htm.
- California Rural Legal Assistance. 2011. “Pepper Spray.” http://www.crla.org/pepper-spray.
- California State Auditor. 2016. “The CalGang Criminal Intelligence System.” https://www.auditor.ca.gov/pdfs/reports/2015-130.pdf.
- California State Legislature. 2007. Senate Bill 81. http://www.cdcan.us/budget/2007-2008/SB%2081%20Senate%20Bill%20-%20AMENDED.htm.
- Senate Bill 260.
- California State Sheriffs’ Association. 2006. “Do the Crime, Do the Time? Maybe Not, in California: Jail Cell Shortage Is Upsetting the Balance.” https://www.calsheriffs.org/attachments/094_DotheCrimeDotheTimeMaybeNotInCaliforniaJune2006.pdf.
- California Superior Court, San Francisco County. 2019. “Young Adult Court.” https://www.sfsuperiorcourt.org/divisions/collaborative/yac.
- Call, J. 2020. “Struggling to Make Ends Meet: Food Insecurity in CA.” California Food Policy Advocates. https://cfpa.net/GeneralNutrition/CFPAPublications/FoodInsecurity-Factsheet-2019.pdf.
- The Givers: Money, Power, and Philanthropy in a New Gilded Age
- Are All Politics Local? A Case Study of Local Conditions in a Period of ‘Law and Order’ Politics.”, Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
- Capps, R., N. Pindus, K. Snyder, and J. L. Leos. 2001. “Assessing the New Federalism: Recent Changes in Texas Welfare and Work, Child Care and Child Welfare Systems.” Urban Institute. https://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/publication/61146/310182-Recent-Changes-in-Texas-Welfare-and-Work-Child-Care-and-Child-Welfare-Systems.PDF.
https://doi.org/10.1037/e689972011-001
- Carreon, J., E. A. Henneke, and J. J. Kreager. 2015. “Unfinished Business: Deepening the Gains in Texas Juvenile Justice Reform.” Texas Criminal Justice Coalition. https://www.texascjc.org/system/files/publications/TCJC%20Unfinished%20Business%20Policy%20Paper%202015.pdf.
- Carson, E. A. 2014. “Imprisonment Rate of Sentenced Prisoners under the Jurisdiction of State or Federal Correctional Authorities.” Bureau of Justice Statistics. http://www.bjs.gov/index.cfm?ty=nps.
- How Texas Spends Its Money. How Texas Gets Its Money. Why It Doesn’t Add Up.”
- The Mississippi Model: Dangers of Prison Reform in the Context of Fiscal Austerity.
- Penal Systems: A Comparative Approach
- CDCR Today (Blog). 2011. “State Corrections Officials Join Stanislaus County in Breaking Ground for Juvenile Detention Facility.” October 18. http://cdcrtoday.blogspot.com/2011/10/state-corrections-officials-join_18.html.
- Center for Juvenile Justice Training & Research. 2002. “Pennsylvania Juvenile Court Dispositions 2002.” https://www.jcjc.pa.gov/Research-Statistics/Disposition%20Reports/2002%20Pennsylvania%20Juvenile%20Court%20Disposition%20Report-Part1.pdf.
- Cervantes, B. 2012. “Detention Center Expansion Aims to Ease Overcrowding.” Amarillo (TX) Globe-News, February 8.
- Chambers, B., and A. Balck. 2014. “Because Kids Are Different: Five Opportunities for Reforming the Juvenile Justice System.” MacArthur Foundation. http://www.modelsforchange.net/publications/718.
- Change Happens. 2022. “Mission Statement.” https://www.changehappenstx.org/
- Chávez, S. M. 2017. “Behind Oklahoma, Texas Has Made Deepest Cuts to State Education Funding in Past Decade.” KERA News, November 30. https://www.keranews.org/post/behind-oklahoma-texas-has-made-deepest-cuts-state-education-funding-past-decade.
- States of Delinquency: Race and Science in the Making of California’s Juvenile Justice System
- The Fifth Freedom: Jobs, Politics, and Civil Rights in the United States, 1941–1972
- Chief Probation Officers of California. 2018. “Governor Brown Signs Transitional Age Youth Pilot Program Legislation Relying on Mounting Brain Research of Treatment Options for Youthful Offenders Age 18–21.” October 3. https://www.cpoc.org/post/governor-brown-signs-transitional-age-youth-pilot-program-legislation-relying-mounting-brain.
- Chowkwanyun, M. (2015). “Grassroots Isn’t Always the Best: Community Development and Its Woes.” Boston Review. http://bostonreview.net/books-ideas/merlin-chowkwanyun-daniel-immerwahr-thinking-small.
- Chuck, E. 2019. “12-Year-Old Charged with Capital Murder Spotlights Justice System Ill-Equipped for Juveniles.” NBC News, January 25. https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/12-year-old-charged-capital-murder-spotlights-justice-system-ill-n962886.
- City of Philadelphia. 2022. “E3 Services.” https://www.phila.gov/programs/e3-services/.
- Clarke, M. 2012. “Texas Teenager Killed at Private Juvenile Detention Center.” Prison Legal News, August 15. https://www.prisonlegalnews.org/news/2012/aug/15/texas-teenager-killed-at-private-juvenile-detention-center/.
- Clarke, M. 2014. “Despite Reforms, Juvenile Offenders in Texas Remain Endangered.” Prison Legal News. June 5.
- Clarke, P., D. L. Meyer, B. Warner. 2009. “Juvenile Justice Operational Master Plan: Blueprint for an Outcome Oriented Juvenile Justice System.” California State Commission on Juvenile Justice. http://www.cdcr.ca.gov/reports_research/docs/JJOMP_Final_Report.pdf.
- Criminology
- Strategies for Reducing Prison Populations., Prison Journal
- Clegg, J., and A. Usmani. (2019). “The Economic Origins of Mass Incarceration.” Catalyst Journal, December. https://catalyst-journal.com/2019/12/the-economic-origins-of-mass-incarceration.
- Delinquency and Opportunity: A Study of Delinquent Gangs
- Coen, R., C. Tung, C. Koningisor, and C. Crump. 2017. “Electronic Monitoring of Youth in the California Juvenile Justice System.” University of California Berkley Law. https://www.law.berkeley.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Report_Final_Electronic_Monitoring.pdf.
- Cohen, D. M. 2014. “Juvenile Justice System Primed for Private Sector Partnership.” Texas Public Policy Foundation. http://www.texaspolicy.com/center/effective-justice/opinions/juvenile-justice-system-primed-private-sector-partnership.
- January 25):, UCLA Law Review Discourse
- Cohen, S. 2007. “Rethinking Juvenile Justice System.” Fort Worth Star-Telegram, December 2.
- Cohn, G. 2014. “Creative Destruction at a California Juvenile Lockup.” Juvenile Justice Information Exchange, May 21. http://jjie.org/creative-destruction-at-a-calif-juvenile-lockup/.
- Shaping the Political Arena: Critical Junctures, the Labor Movement, and Regime Dynamics in Latin America
- Commonweal. 2014. “Our Role.” https://www.comjj.org/realignment/our-role/.
- Commonweal. 2015. “California Budget Report: Governor Signs On-Time California Budget.” http://www.comjj.org/updates/budget/.
- Cook, K. 2017. “Higher Education Funding in California.” Public Policy Institute of California. https://www.ppic.org/wp-content/uploads/content/pubs/jtf/JTF_HigherEducationFundingJTF.pdf.
- Copelin, L. 2007a. “Agency Overhaul Moves Forward.” Austin American-Statesman, April 12.
- Copelin, L. 2007b. “House Panel Approves Cleanup Plan.” Austin American-Statesman, May 4.
- Cornerstone Programs. 2014. About Us. http://www.cornerstoneprograms.com/index.php/about-us.
- CorrectionalOfficerEDU. 2016. “Corrections Officers Salaries.” http://www.correctionalofficeredu.org/salaries/.
- Council of Juvenile Correctional Administrators. 2011. “Issue Brief: Pepper Spray in Juvenile Facilities.” http://cjca.net/attachments/article/172/CJCA.Issue.Brief.OCSpray.pdf.
- The Great Exception
- Questioning Appeals to Community within Crime Prevention and Control., European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research
- Crunchbase. 2019. “Assessments.com.” https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/assessments-com.
- Destructuring, Privatization, and the Promise of Juvenile Diversion: Compromising Community-Based Corrections., Crime & Delinquency
- Prison Break: Why Conservatives Turned against Mass Incarceration
- Dallas Morning News
- Daly, L. 2011. “Juvenile Justice Agencies: Summary of Sunset Legislation—82nd Legislature.” Sunset Advisory Commission. https://www.sunset.texas.gov/public/uploads/files/reports/Youth%20Commission_Juvenile%20Probation_Ombudsman%20SOL%202011%2082%20leg.pdf.
- Davis, A., A. Irvine, and J. Ziedenberg. 2014. “Examining the Role of States in Monitoring Conditions and Outcomes for Youth.” National Council on Crime & Delinquency. http://nccdglobal.org/sites/default/files/publication_pdf/oversight-info-sheet.pdf.
- Davis, C. 2018. “Calif. Juvenile Detention Center Uses Excessive Force, Class Action Says.” Top Class Actions: Connecting Consumers to Settlements, Lawsuits and Attorneys. https://topclassactions.com/lawsuit-settlements/lawsuit-news/836468-calif-juvenile-detention-center-uses-excessive-force-class-action-says.222
- Juvenile Justice at a Crossroads: The Future of Senate Bill 81 in California., Prison Law Office.
- Death Penalty Information Center. 2015. “Juvenile Offenders Who Were on Death Row.” http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/juvenile-offenders-who-were-death-row.
- Sector-Bending: Blurring Lines between Nonprofit and For-Profit., Society
- From Time Out to Hard Time: Young Children in the Adult Criminal Justice System
- Conditions for Certified Juveniles in Texas County Jails
- Understanding and Addressing Youth Violence in the Texas Juvenile Justice Department: Report to the Office of the Independent Ombudsman., Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs.
- Denton County, Texas. 2014a. “Juvenile Anger Management, Parenting Classes, and Truancy.” http://www.orgsites.com/tx/dentoncounty/_pgg8.php3.
- Denton County, Texas. 2014b. “Juvenile Probation: Post Adjudication.” http://dentoncounty.com/Departments/Probation/Juvenile-Probation/Juvenile-Post-Adjudication.aspx.
- Our Rejected Children
- Dexheimer,, Miles from Anywhere, Texas Military School Faces Closure., The Austin American–Statesman
- The Sociology of Nonprofit Organizations and Sectors., Annual Review of Sociology
- Disability Rights Advocates. 2019. “G.F. et al. v. Contra Costa County et al.” https://dralegal.org/case/g-f-et-al-v-contra-costa-county-et-al/#files.
- Disability Rights California. 2016. “Report on Inspection of the San Diego Juvenile Detention Facilities.” February 23. https://www.disabilityrightsca.org/system/files?file=file-attachments/703001.pdf. Doerr, D. 2008. “Local Officials Dismiss Talk of Abolishing TYC.” Waco (TX) Tribune-Herald, April 13.
- Domback, D., B. Lawrence. 2018. “Demystifying Act 21 of 2003 and the Sexual Responsibility and Treatment Program.” Pennsylvania Department of Human Services. https://www.jcjc.pa.gov/Program-Areas/AnnualConference/Documents/2018%20Conference%20Documents/Demystifying%20Act%2021%20and%20the%20Sexual%20Responsibility%20and%20Treatment%20Program.pdf.
- The Power Elite and Their Challengers: The Role of Nonprofits in American Social Conflict., American Behavioral Scientist
- The Power Elite and the State: How Policy Is Made in America.
- American Foundations: An Investigative History
- Lead: America’s Real Criminal Element: The Hidden Villain behind Violent Crime, Lower IQs, and Even the ADHD Epidemic.:
- County Analyzes State Budget Hit.”, San Mateo (CA) Daily Journal
- County Assessing State Budget Hit., San Mateo (CA) Daily Journal
- Restorative Justice and Democracy: Fostering Public Accountability for Criminal Justice., Contemporary Justice Review
- Big House on the Prairie: Rise of the Rural Ghetto and Prison Proliferation
- Kids for Cash: Two Judges, Thousands of Children and a $2.6 Million Kickback Scheme
- Edelman, P. 2002. “American Government and the Politics of Youth.” In A Century of Juvenile Justice, ed. D. S. Taenehaus, M. K. Rosenheim, F. E. Zimring, and B. Dohrn, 315–316. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
- Edsall, T. B. 1989. “The Changing Shape of Power: A Realignment in Public Policy.” In The Rise and Fall of the New Deal Order, 1930–1980, ed. G. Gerstle and S. Fraser, 269–293. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
https://doi.org/10.1515/9780691216256-011
- El Paso County v. Solorzano, 351 S.W.3d 577 (Tex. App. 2011). https://caselaw.findlaw.com/tx-court-of-appeals/1580757.html.
- Street-Level Surveillance: Electronic Monitoring.”
- The Politics of Volunteering
- Emison, C. 2011. “Changing Approach: TYC Could Be Dismantled for New Agency.” Abilene (TX) Reporter-News, April 10.
- Emslie, A. 2017. “Alameda County Court Dispute with Software Vendor Escalates, Could Spark Litigation.” KQED, February 7. https://www.kqed.org/news/11305903/alameda-county-court-dispute-with-software-vendor-escalates-could-spark-litigation.
- EPISCenter. 2014. “Multisystemic Therapy in Pennsylvania: Three Years of Data, Fiscal Years 2012–2014.” http://www.episcenter.psu.edu/sites/default/files/ebp/MST-Three-Year-Report-FINAL.pdf.
- Every Texan. 2020a. “Jobs and Financial Security; Fair Wages and Savings.” https://everytexan.org/our-work/policy-areas/jobs-financial-security/fair-wages/.
- Every Texan. 2020b. “Policy Areas: Budget and Taxes: Property Taxes.” https://everytexan.org/our-work/policy-areas/budget-taxes/where-money-comes-from/property-taxes/.
- Ewing, M. 2017. “Philly’s Gang Violence Strategy Doesn’t Work. Here’s Why.” The Appeal, December 21. https://theappeal.org/former-lead-social-worker-says-philly-violence-reduction-strategy-fails-to-deliver-on-promises-a2b8a95df8af/.
- Fabelo,, Monitoring the Use of Progressive Sanction Guidelines., Criminal Justice Policy Council.
- Fabelo, T., N. Arrigona, and M. D. Thompson. 2015. “Closer to Home: An Analysis of the State and Local Impact of the Texas Juvenile Justice Reforms.” Council of State Governments. http://csgjusticecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/texas-JJ-reform-closer-to-home.pdf.
- Foundations for Social Change: Critical Perspectives on Philanthropy and Popular Movements
- The Changing Borders of Juvenile Justice: Transfer of Adolescents to the Criminal Court
- Fair Punishment Project. 2016. “Juvenile Life without Parole in Philadelphia: A Time for Hope?” Philips Black Project. http://fairpunishment.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/FPP_JLWOP_philadelphia_r601.pdf.
- Fair Sentencing for Youth. 2016. “Senate Bill 9: California Fair Sentencing for Youth.” http://fairsentencingforyouth.org/legislation/senate-bill-9-california-fair-sentencing-for-youth/.
- Lawyers: New Court Software Is So Awful It’s Getting People Wrongly Arrested.”, ARS Technica.
- “ ‘Action Will Be Taken’: Left Anti-Intellectualism and Its Discontents.
- Entrepreneurs of Punishment: The Legacy of Privatization., Punishment & Society
- Justice by Geography: Urban, Suburban, and Rural Variations in Juvenile Justice Administration., Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology
- Bad Kids: Race and the Transformation of the Juvenile Court
- Youth Discount: Old Enough to Do the Crime, Too Young to Do the Time., Ohio State Journal of Criminal Law
- The Right to Counsel in Juvenile Court: Law Reform to Deliver Legal Services and Reduce Justice by Geography., Criminology & Public Policy
- Correctional Officer Safety and Wellness Literature Synthesis
- Ferguson, J. W. 2012. “Decision on Juvenile Sentences Stirs Questions in Texas.” Texas Tribune, June 26.
- Ferguson, T. 1989. “Industrial Conflict and the Coming of the New Deal: The Triumph of Multinational Liberalism in America.” In The Rise and Fall of the New Deal Order, 1930–1980, ed. G. Gerstle and S. Fraser, 3–31. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
https://doi.org/10.1515/9780691216256-002
- The Crisis of Liberalism: Street Crime, Civil Unrest and the Crisis of Liberalism in the 1960s
- The Foundation: A Great American Secret. How Private Wealth Is Changing the World
- Fleury, J. B. 2019. “Social Scientists on Crime after World War II.” SSRN, December 10. https://ssrn.com/abstract=3313388.
https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3313388
- Flynn, M. 2018. “Harris County Jails Hundreds of Juveniles Each Year for Minor Probation Violations.” Houston Chronicle. January 31.
- Fong, B. Y., and M. Naschek. 2021. “NGOism: The Politics of the Third Sector.” Catalyst 5(1). https://catalyst-journal.com/2021/05/ngoism-the-politics-of-the-third-sector.
- Locking Up Our Own: Crime and Punishment in Black America
- Black Silent Majority: The Rockefeller Drug Laws and the Politics of Punishment
- Problems at Pittsburgh’s Shuman Juvenile Detention Center Reflect Larger Issues in the Integrity of the Juvenile-Justice System.”
- An Assessment of Legislative Approaches to the Problem of Serious Juvenile Crime: A Case Study of Texas 1973–1995., American Journal of Criminal Law
- G4S USA. 2015. “Who We Are.” http://www.g4s.us/en-US/Who%20we%20are/.
- Garcia-Leys, S., and N. Brown. 2019. “Analysis of the Attorney General’s Annual Report on CalGang For 2018.” Urban Peace Institute. https://www.courthousenews.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/CalGang.pdf.
- The Culture of Control: Crime and Social Order in Contemporary Society
- At Glen Mills Schools, Boys Are Beaten, Then Silenced.
- Gately, G. 2014. “Juvenile Solitary Confinement: Modern-Day ‘Torture’ in the U.S.” Juvenile Justice Information Exchange, March 5. http://jjie.org/juvenile-solitary-confinement-modern-day-torture-in-the-u-s/.
- Clinton Regrets 1996 Remark on ‘Super-Predators’ after Encounter with Activist.”
- GEO Group, Inc. 2014. “The Leader in Alternatives to Detention Proven to Reduce Recidivism.” http://geogroup.com/reentry_services.
- GEO Group, Inc. 2016. “Abraxas.” https://www.hrapply.com/gginc/AppJobView.jsp?link=58048&page=AppJobList.jsp.
- Proposed Southlawn Gang Injunction Protested at Meeting.”
- Gerber, M. 2015. “California Inmate’s Parole Reflects Rethinking of Life Terms for Youths.” Los Angeles Times, March 24. http://www.latimes.com/local/crime/la-me-juvenile-lwop-20150325-story.html.
- The Rise and Fall of the New Deal Order, 1930–1980
- Juvenile Sex Offenders: What the Public Needs to Know
- Testing Theories of American Politics: Elites, Interest Groups, and Average Citizens
- Clinton’s ‘Superpredators’ Comment Most Damaging by Either Candidate.
- Golden Gulag: Prisons, Surplus, Crisis, and Opposition in Globalizing California
- Winners Take All: The Elite Charade of Changing the World
- Goldeen, J. 2019. “In Visit to O. H. Close, Governor Calls Importance of Prison Training Program ‘Basic.’ ” Recordnet.com. https://www.recordnet.com/news/20190127/in-visit-to-oh-close-governor-calls-importance-of-prison-training-program-basic.
- Breaking the Pendulum: The Long Struggle over Criminal Justice
- The Implementation of an Intensive Aftercare Program for Serious Juvenile Offenders: A Case Study., Criminal Justice and Behavior
- Goss, S. (2006). “Pennsylvania Juvenile Justice Newsletter.” Pennsylvania Juvenile Court Judges’ Commission. jcjc.pa.gov/Publications/Newsletters/2006/October.pdf.
- Gotsch, K., and V. Basti. 2018. “Capitalizing on Mass Incarceration: U.S. Growth in Private Prisons.” The Sentencing Project, August 2. https://www.sentencingproject.org/publications/capitalizing-on-mass-incarceration-u-s-growth-in-private-prisons/.
- The Shadow Welfare State: Labor, Business, and the Politics of Health Care in the United States
- Gottschalk,, The Prison and the Gallows: The Politics of Mass Incarceration in America
- The Past, Present, and Future of Mass Incarceration in the United States., Criminology & Public Policy
- Caught: The Prison State and the Lockdown of American Politics
- Gottschalk,, Caught in the Countryside: Race, Class, and Punishment in Rural America.
https://doi.org/10.1108/S0198-871920200000037003
- Graham v. Florida, 560 U.S. 48 (2010). https://www.oyez.org/cases/2009/08-7412.
- Graham, L. 2010. “McReynolds: Prison Cuts ‘Could Have Rippling Effects’ across Texas.” Lufkin (TX) Daily News, February 20.
- Granite Public Affairs. n.d. “Juvenile Justice Reform: Improving Public Safety and Youth Outcomes within Available Revenue.” https://www.texasappleseed.org/sites/default/files/48-JJReformpage.pdf.
- Broken beyond Repair: Rehabilitative Penology and American Political Development., Political Research Quarterly
- The Responsibilization Strategy of Health and Safety Neo-liberalism and the Reconfiguration of Individual Responsibility for Risk., British Journal of Criminology
- Green, C. 2015a. “Activists Report Security Company G4S to Police over Its ‘Illegal’ Work at Guantanamo Bay.” The Independent, January 12. http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/exclusive-activists-report-g4s-to-police-over-itsillegal-work-at-guantanamo-bay-9971328.html.
- Green, C. 2015b. “Rainsbrook G4S Youth Prison Slammed by Ofsted Report as Children Suffer ‘Racist,’ ‘Degrading’ Abuse from Guards High on Drugs.” The Independent, May 20. http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/rainsbrook-g4s-youth-prison-slammed-by-ofsted-report-as-children-suffer-racist-degrading-abuse-from-guards-high-on-drugs-10263121.html.
- Trends in Philanthropy
- Greenwood, P. W., A. J. Lipson, A. Abrahamse, and F. Zimring. 1983. “Youth Crime and Juvenile Justice in California: A Report to the Legislature.” RAND Corporation. http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/reports/2007/R3016.pdf.
- Pennsylvania Juvenile Justice Disproportionate Minority Contact (DMC) Monitoring, Reduction, and Prevention Efforts
- Grissom, B. 2012a. “Phoenix Program Aims to Transform Troubled Youths. Texas Tribune, September 2.
- Grissom, B. 2012b. “Report: Local Youth Programs Need More Funds, Oversight.” Texas Tribune, October 17. http://www.texastribune.org/2012/10/17/report-local-youth-programs-need-more-funds-oversi/.
- Grissom, B. 2013. “Proposed Rules Could Increase Use of Pepper Spray on Youths.” Texas Tribune, October 31. https://www.texastribune.org/2013/10/31/proposed-rules-would-allow-increased-use-pepper-sp/.
- Grissom, B. 2016. “Sexual Abuse Allegations, Suicide Attempts Follow Jump in Juvenile Offender Population. Dallas Morning News, October 28. https://www.dallasnews.com/news/texas/2016/10/28/sexual-abuse-allegations-suicide-attempts-follow-jump-in-juvenile-offender-population/.
- Grissom, B., and R. Aaronson. 2012. “Despite Reform, Violence Rises among Youths at Juvenile Lockups.” Texas Tribune, February 12. https://flatpage-archive.texastribune.org/library/data/tjjd-youth-violence-up/.
- Four Officers Facing Prison Time in Sexual Misconduct Scandal at State Youth Lockup.
- Fights, Sex, Drugs: Texas Juvenile Lockup on the Verge of Crisis, Reports Show.
- House OKs Life with Parole for Juvenile Murderers.”
- Juvenile Detention Alternatives Initiative Scale-Up: Study of Four States
- GuideStar. 2016. “Alternative Rehabilitation Communities, Inc.” http://www.guidestar.org/ViewPdf.aspx?PdfSource=0&ein=25-1291039.
- GuideStar. 2021. “P.A.C.E. Youth Programs Inc.” https://www.guidestar.org/profile/86-1095495.
- The Divided Welfare State: The Battle over Public and Private Social Benefits in the United States
- Privatizing Risk without Privatizing the Welfare State: The Hidden Politics of Social Policy Retrenchment in the United States., American Political Science Review
- Our Prisons in Black and White., Marshall Project,
- Hall, B. 2012. “Creating Possibilities Today for New Tomorrows.” Paceyouth.org. http://www.paceyouth.org/pdf/GEO-Care-Foundation-2013.pdf.
- Hambright, B. 2012. “New Law Gives Lancaster County Judges Discretion in Sentencing Juvenile Killers.” LancasterOnline, November 4. http://lancasteronline.com/news/new-law-gives-lancaster-county-judges-discretion-in-sentencing-juvenile/article_8de7d9c9-26d3-5031-a0e5-1acd0e6ac6b7.html.
- Making the Nonprofit Sector in the United States: A Reader
- Mental Health Issues in Long-Term Solitary and ‘Supermax’ Confinement., Crime & Delinquency
- Risk as a Proxy for Race: The Dangers of Risk Assessment., Federal Sentencing Reporter
- Harris, K. D. 2010. “Organized Crime in California.” California Department of Justice. http://oag.ca.gov/sites/all/files/agweb/pdfs/publications/org_crime2010.pdf.
- Hasan, S. 2015. “Harris County Wins MacArthur Foundation’s Criminal Justice Challenge.” Houston Public Media, May 27. http://www.houstonpublicmedia.org/articles/news/2015/05/27/60627/harris-county-wins-macarthur-foundations-criminal-justice-challenge/.
- Former Guard Gets Eight Years for Juvenile Detention Center Abuse.
- HealthRIGHT 360. 2022. “Stand Tall.” https://www.healthright360.org/program/stand-tall.
- Hennigan, K., K. Kolnick, J. Poplawski, A. Andrews, N. Ball, C. Cheng, and J. Payne. 2007. “Juvenile Justice Data Project: Phase 1.” University of California Center for Research on Crime. http://www.cdcr.ca.gov/Reports_Research/docs/JJDPSurveyFinalReport.pdf.
- Hernandez, E. 2007a. “House Passes TYC Overhaul.” Brownsville (TX) Herald, May 8.
- Hernandez, E. 2007b. “Lawmakers Want New TYC Ombudsman to Visit Facilities Often.” Brownsville (TX) Herald, June 29.
- Hernandez, E. 2007c. “TYC Overhaul Bill Clears Committee.” The Monitor (McAllen, TX). April 11.
- State Capture: How Conservative Activists, Big Businesses, and Wealthy Donors Reshaped American States—and the Nation
- Herz, D. C., K. Chan, S. K. Lee, M. N. Ross, J. McCroskey, M. Newell, and C. Fraser. 2015. “The Los Angeles County Juvenile Probation Outcomes Study.” Advancement Project. https://file.lacounty.gov/SDSInter/bos/supdocs/92794.pdf.
- Privatization in a Publicly Funded Health Care System: The U.S. Experience., International Journal of Health Services: Planning, Administration, Evaluation
- Hockenberry, S., M. Sickmund, and A. Sladky. 2015. “Juvenile Residential Facility Census, 2012: Selected Findings.” U.S. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. http://www.ojjdp.gov/pubs/247207.pdf.
- Hollingsworth v. Orange County (Ca. 1990). https://caselaw.findlaw.com/ca-court-of-appeal/1845449.html.
- Hudson, N. 2013. “Senator Jose Rodriguez: Senate Bill 2 ‘Likely Unconstitutional.’ ” Burnt Orange Report. July 15.
- Human Rights Watch. 2012. “Growing Up Locked Down: Youth in Solitary Confinement in Jails and Prisons across the United States.” http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/us1012ForUpload.pdf.
- Human Rights Watch. 2013. “Raised on the Registry: The Irreparable Harm of Placing Children on Sex Offender Registries in the U.S.” https://www.hrw.org/report/2013/05/01/raised-registry/irreparable-harm-placing-children-sex-offender-registries-us#.
- Hunt v. County of Los Angeles (Ca. 1986). https://caselaw.findlaw.com/ca-court-of-appeal/1772100.html.
- Hunt, D. 2011. “Tarrant Juvenile Justice Officials Wary about New Combined State Agency.” Fort Worth Star-Telegram, December 5.
- Hunter, G. 2008. “Scandal Rocks Texas Youth Commission; Youths Molested by School Supervisors.” Prison Legal News, February 15. https://www.prisonlegalnews.org/news/2008/feb/15/scandal-rocks-texas-youth-commission-youths-molested-by-school-supervisors/.
- Thinking Small: The United States and the Lure of Community Development
- Independent Ombudsman for the Texas Juvenile Justice Department. 2013. “Phoenix Program Special Report.” https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/813666-texas-juvenile-justice-department-special-report.html.
- Institute on Money in State Politics. 2006. “Policy Lockdown: Prison Interests Court Political Players.” http://www.privateci.org/private_pics/follow.pdf.
- Interbranch Commission on Juvenile Justice. 2010. “Final Report on Implementation on Recommendations of the Interbranch Commission on Juvenile Justice.” http://www.pacourts.us/news-and-statistics/archived-resources/interbranch-commission-on-juvenile-justice.
- Isserman, M., and M. Kazin. 1989. “The Failure and Success of the New Radicalism.” In The Rise and Fall of the New Deal Order, 1930–1980, ed. G. Gerstle and S. Fraser, 212–242. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
https://doi.org/10.1515/9780691216256-009
- Jails to Jobs. 2021. “Jails to Jobs: Transforming Youth Transforming Justice.” https://www.jailtojobs.com.
- Jane G. v. Solano County (Ca. 1985). https://www.ylc.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/JaneGsettlement.pdf.
- Jannetta, J., and J. Lin. 2007. “The Role of the DJJ in the California Juvenile Justice System.” UC Irvine Center for Evidence-Based Corrections. http://ucicorrections.seweb.uci.edu/files/2013/06/The-Role-of-the-DJJ-in-the-CA-Juvenile-Justice-System1.pdf.
- Foundation Funding of Progressive Social Movements
- Foundation Funding of the Environmental Movement., American Behavioral Scientist
- Johnson, C. 2017. “The Panthers Can’t Save Us Now.” Catalyst, November. https://catalyst-journal.com/2017/11/panthers-cant-save-us-cedric-johnson.
- What Black Life Actually Looks Like., Jacobin Magazine,
- The Panthers Can’t Save Us Now: Debating Left Politics and Black Lives Matter
- Johnson, K., and E. Surtees. 2021. DOJ Opens Statewide Investigation into Abuse of Youth in Texas’ Juvenile Facilities. Austin, TX: Texas Appleseed. https://www.texasappleseed.org/press-releases/doj-opens-statewide-investigation-abuse-youth-texas%E2%80%99-juvenile-facilities.
- Johnson, K. D. (2010). “Certifications in Texas: A General Overview.” Nuts and Bolts of Juvenile Law: Austin, TX. http://www.juvenilelaw.org/Articles/2010/NB/Johnson.pdf.
- Texas Revised Juvenile Justice and Education Codes: Not All Change Is Good., Journal of Juvenile Law
- Johnson, N., P. Oliff, and E. William. 2011. “An Update on State Budget Cuts: At Least 46 States Have Imposed Cuts That Hurt Vulnerable Residents and the Economy.” Center on Budget and Policy Priorities. https://www.cbpp.org/sites/default/files/atoms/files/3-13-08sfp.pdf.
- Joint Venture Program. 2021. “Free Venture Program.” June 16. https://jointventureprogram.calpia.ca.gov/free-venture-program/.
- Jones v. Mississippi, 593 U.S. 2021. https://www.oyez.org/cases/2020/18-1259.
- Jordan, H. 2015. “Beyond Zero Tolerance: Discipline and Policing in Pennsylvania Public Schools.” American Civil Liberties Union of Pennsylvania. https://www.aclupa.org/files/5714/2436/0535/2-16-2015_FINAL_64204_ACLU_ONLINE.pdf.
- The Private Prison Industry’s New Criminal Justice Ventures.”
- Re-Entry Reform Trends.
- Kaplan, J. 2020. “Corporations Pay Far Less of Their California Income in State Taxes Than a Generation Ago—Even amid COVID-19.” California Budget & Policy Center. https://calbudgetcenter.org/resources/corporations-pay-far-less-of-their-income-in-state-taxes/.
- Katy (TX) News
- The Undeserving Poor: America’s Enduring Confrontation with Poverty
- Improving Poor People
- The Price of Citizenship: Redefining the American Welfare State
- Katznelson, I. 1989. “Was the Great Society a Lost Opportunity?” In The Rise and Fall of the New Deal Order, 1930–1980, ed. G. Gerstle and S. Fraser, 185–211. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
https://doi.org/10.1515/9780691216256-008
- Keller, B. (2015). “Prison Revolt.” The New Yorker, June 29. https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/06/29/prison-revolt.
- William Wayne Justice: A Judicial Biography
- The Role of Race in Juvenile Justice Processing in Pennsylvania.
- Achieving Less Influence with More Democracy: The Permanent Legacy of
- The Transformation of Governance: Globalization, Devolution, and the Role of Government., Public Administration Review
- The Rise and Rise of Supermax: An American Solution in Search of a Problem?, Punishment & Society
- 230Kirk, S. 2012. “Brown County Could Obtain Closed Juvenile Facility at No Cost from State.” Abilene (TX) Reporter-News. http://www.reporternews.com/news/big-country/brown-county-could-obtain-close-juvenile-at-no.
- Deinstitutionalization and Diversion of Juvenile Offenders: A Litany of Impediments., Crime and Justice
- Kleppe v. Superior Court of Marin County (Ca. 2010). https://www.ylc.org/lawsuit-filed-to-stop-marin-juvenile-court-hearings-by-videoconference/.
- Kofman, A. 2019. “Digital Jail: How Electronic Monitoring Drives Defendants into Debt.” ProPublica, July 3. https://www.propublica.org/article/digital-jail-how-electronic-monitoring-drives-defendants-into-debt.
- The Self-Help Myth: How Philanthropy Fails to Alleviate Poverty
- Koseff, A. 2015. “Former State Sen. Leland Tee Pleads Guilty to Corruption Charge.” Sacramento Bee, July 1.
- The Long and Winding Road: Juvenile Corrections Reform in California., Chief Justice Earl Warren Institute on Law and Social Policy, Berkeley.
- Youth in Confinement: Justice by Geography., Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency
- The Watershed of Juvenile Justice Reform., Crime & Delinquency
- Uncivil Youth: Race, Activism, and Affirmative Governmentality
- The Job Training Charade
- The One Percent Solution: How Corporations Are Remaking America One State at a Time
- Lafferty, S., S. Ochoa, F. Nominati, and S. Burrell. 2017. “The Changing Landscape of Juvenile Transfer in the Wake of Proposition 57.” PowerPoint slides. Beyond the Bench 24: Uniting for a Better Future, December 20. https://www.courts.ca.gov/documents/BTB24-5H-00PPT.pdf.
- Lagos, M. 2012. “Brown Pushes $1 Billion in Cuts.” San Francisco Chronicle, January 15.
- Lahey, J. 2016. “The Steep Cost of Keeping Juveniles in Adult Prisons.” The Atlantic, January 8. http://www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2016/01/the-cost-of-keeping-juveniles-in-adult-prisons/423201/.
- Sex Panic and the Punitive State
- Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. n.d. “Youth Intervention Center.” https://www.co.lancaster.pa.us/165/Youth-Intervention-Center.
- County and State Need to Act to Ensure Safety of Children at Youth Intervention Center.”
- Neo-liberalism: Policy, Ideology, Governmentality., Studies in Political Economy
- The Last Mile: Paving the Road to Success. 2019. “About.” https://thelastmile.org/about/.
- When Choice of Data Matters: Analyses of U.S. Crime Trends, 1973–2012.”, Journal of Quantitative Criminology
- Lawrence, B., S. Barnes. 2014. “PA Sexual Responsibility and Treatment Program 10 Years in Review.” Presentation. Juvenile Court Judges’ Commission. http://www.jcjc.pa.gov/Program-Areas/AnnualConference/Documents/2014%20Conference%20Documents/ACT%2021.pdf.
- Pennsylvania Harming Kids by Sending Them to Adult Prisons.”
- League of Women Voters of California. 2016. “Bill Status Report for 2007–2008 Legislative Session.” http://archive.lwvc.org/lwvc/action/bsr/bsr_07oct.html.
- Lee,, The Machine: A Field Guide to the Resurgent Right
- Lee,, Breaking Cycle Of Youth Crime Area Counties To Focus On Mental Health Disorders., Houston Chronicle
- Leija, A. 2013. “G4S Lease Approved for Juvenile Justice Center.” Brownwood (TX) Bulletin, March 12.
- Social Action and Legal Change: Revolution within the Juvenile Court
- Lena Pope. 2022. “Glossary.” https://lenapope.org/glossary/.
- Sex Fiends, Perverts, and Pedophiles: Understanding Sex Crime Policy in America
- Runaway Inequality: An Activist’s Guide to Economic Justice
- Lerman,, Child Welfare, the Private Sector, and Community-based Corrections., Crime & Delinquency
https://doi.org/10.1177/0011128784030001001
- Levin, M. 2014. “The True Cost of Juvenile Incarceration.” Texas Public Policy Foundation. http://www.texaspolicy.com/press_release/detail/the-true-cost-of-juvenile-incarceration.
- Levin, M., and J. Moll. 2011. “Comprehensive Juvenile Justice Reform: Cutting Costs, Saving Lives.” The Texas Model: A Texas Public Policy Foundation Publication, September. http://rightoncrime.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Texas-Model-Juvenile.pdf.
- Levin, S. 2015. “California Senate Passes Bill to Limit Youth Solitary Confinement.” East Bay Express (Oakland, CA), June 3. http://m.eastbayexpress.com/SevenDays/archives/2015/06/03/california-senate-passes-bill-to-limit-youth-solitary-confinement.
- Levine,, The Privatization of Political Representation: Community-based Organizations as Nonelected Neighborhood Representatives., American Sociological Review
https://doi.org/10.1177/0003122416670655
- Lichtenstein, N. 1989. “From Corporatism to Collective Bargaining: Organized Labor and the Eclipse of Social Democracy in the Postwar Era.” In The Rise and Fall of the New Deal Order, 1930–1980, ed. G. Gerstle and S. Fraser, 122–152. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
https://doi.org/10.1515/9780691216256-006
- Shifting the Color Line: Race and the American Welfare State
- Study Praises Texas Juvenile-Justice Reforms.”
- LinkedIn. 2021. “Pace Youth Programs Inc., Profile.” https://www.linkedin.com/company/pace-youth-programs-inc.Los Angeles Daily News. 2018. “Malibu’s Camp Kilpatrick Was Supposed to Be the Face of Reform for L.A. County’s Probation Department. But Watchdogs Are Sounding Alarm.” September 23. https://www.dailynews.com/2018/09/23/malibus-camp-kilpatrick-was-supposed-to-be-the-face-of-reform-for-l-a-countys-probation-department-but-watchdogs-are-sounding-alarm/.
- Los Angeles Police Department. n.d. “LAPD Online.” https://www.lapdonline.org/.
- Buoyed by L.A.’s Rejection of Juvenile Solitary Confinement, Advocates Eye Elusive Sacramento Win.”, Chronicle of Social Change: Children and Youth, Front and Center.
- A Governor Considers Reforms, Violence Rising at California’s Juvenile Justice Facilities.”, Chronicle of Social Change: Children and Youth, Front and Center.
- Think Globally, Lose Locally., Boston Review
- Lozano, A. V. 2019. “$10M Lawsuit Filed against Glen Mills Schools for ‘Cruel and Unusual Punishment.’ ” NBC Philadelphia, April 11. https://www.nbcphiladelphia.com/news/local/State-Revokes-Glen-Mills-Schools-Investigation-Abuse-Probes-508433491.html.
- Privatizing Discretion: ‘Rehabilitating’ Treatment in Community Corrections., Crime & Delinquency
- Luiz, J. 2018. “Lawsuit, Report Allege Kern County’s Mistreatment of Disabled Youth.” Bakersfield Californian, February 23. https://www.bakersfield.com/news/lawsuit-report-allege-kern-county-s-mistreatment-of-disabled-youth/article_0b42469a-1834-11e8-bddb-7766b3011be9.html.
- Prison Privatization: A Meta-Analysis of Cost and Quality of Confinement Indicators.”
- Rehabilitation as Rhetoric: The Ideal of Reformation in Contemporary Parole Discourse and Practices., Punishment & Society
- Sunbelt Justice: Arizona and the Transformation of American Punishment
- Lyons,, The Politics of Community Policing: Rearranging the Power to Punish.
https://doi.org/10.3998/mpub.15188
- Maass, D. 2012. “461 Pepper Spray Incidents Documents in Juvenile Detention Last Year.” San Diego City Beat, May 2. http://sdcitybeat.com/article-10480-461-pepper-spray-incidents-documented-in-sd-juvenile-detention-last-year.html.
- The San Francisco Industrial School and the Origins of Juvenile Justice in California: A Glance at the Great Reformation., UC Davis Journal of Juvenile Law & Policy
- California Juvenile Justice Reform and SB 81: Testimony of Daniel Macallair., Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice
- Renewing Juvenile Justice., Sierra Health Foundation
- Closing California’s Division of Juvenile Facilities: An Analysis of County Institutional Capacity., Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice
- MacArthur Foundation. 2016a. “Grantee Profile: Philadelphia Department of Human Services.” https://www.macfound.org/grantees/1351/.
- MacArthur Foundation. 2016b. “The MacArthur Foundation Research Network on Law and Neuroscience.” http://www.lawneuro.org/index.php.
- MacArthur Foundation. 2019. “Grant Search: City of Philadelphia.” https://www.macfound.org/grantees/7051/.
- Maciag, M. 2013. “Youth Unemployment Reached Record Highs: What Can Officials Do about It?” Governing the States and Localities, April 29. http://www.governing.com/blogs/by-the-numbers/youth-unemployment-rate-by-state.html.
- Electronic Monitoring Hurts Kids and Their Communities.”
- Males, M. 2019. “Fewer California Youths Are Getting Arrested, but Consequences Are More Serious.” GV Wire, March 26. https://gvwire.com/2019/03/26/fewer-california-youths-are-getting-arrested-but-consequences-are-more-serious-for-those-arrested/.
- The Balanced Approach to Juvenile Probation., Juvenile and Family Court Journal
- Division of Juvenile Justice: Treatment Model Process Evaluation.”
- Free Justice: A History of the Public Defender in Twentieth Century America
- Woman Sued, Accused of Sexually Abusing Juvenile Detention Detainee 300+ Times.”
- McCullough,, Texas Rangers Arrest Four Amid Investigation of Abuse at State-run Juvenile Lockups., The Texas Tribune
- McCullough, J. 2019. “Texas Senator Proposes Moving All Youth in State Lockups to Shuttered Adult Jail.” Texas Tribune, March 12. https://www.texastribune.org/2019/03/12/john-whitmire-juvenile-justice-lockup-adult-jail/.
- Public Imprisonment by Private Means: The Re-emergence of Private Prisons and Jails in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia.”, British Journal of Criminology
- After Years of Scandal, Texas’ Juvenile Justice Agency Sets New Goals to Rehabilitate Teen Lawbreakers.”
- Roxanne’s Dress: Governing Gender and Marginality through Addiction Treatment., Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society
- Assessing the Effectiveness of Juvenile Justice Reforms: A Closer Look at the Criteria and the Impacts on Diverse Stakeholders., Law & Policy
- Melamed, S. 2016a. “After 43 Years for a Purse-Snatching Gone Wrong, a Juvenile Lifer’s Chance at Freedom.” Philly.com, March 29. http://articles.philly.com/2016-03-29/news/71877115_1_life-sentence-only-sentence-parole.
- Melamed, S. 2016b. “Juvenile Lifers Will Get New Sentences, but What Law Applies?” Philly.com, March 12. http://articles.philly.com/2016-03-12/news/71420922_1_new-sentences-life-sentences-qu-eed-batts.
- Melamed, S. 2018. “Why Are Juvenile Lifers from Philly Getting Radically Different Sentences from Those in the Rest of Pennsylvania?” Philadelphia Inquirer. July 10. https://www.inquirer.com/philly/news/philly-bucks-county-pennsylvania-juvenile-lifers-jlwop-juvenile-law-center-life-without-parole-20180710.html.
- Treatment in the Juvenile Justice System: Directions for Policy and Practice., Responding to the mental health needs of youth in the juvenile justice system
- Less Hype, More Help: Reducing Juvenile Crime, What Works and What Doesn’t
- The Missouri Model: Reinventing the Practice of Rehabilitating Youthful Offenders., Annie E. Casey Foundation.
- Meronek, T. 2013. “The Fight against Putting Teens in Solitary.” East Bay Express (Oakland, CA), August 21.
- Metro Community Ministries, Inc. 2022. “Our Programs.” https://mcmserves.org/our-programs/.
- Dividing Citizens: Gender and Federalism in New Deal Public Policy
- 234Michaels, W. B., and A. Reed Jr. 2020. “The Trouble with Disparity.” NonSite. https://nonsite.org/the-trouble-with-disparity/.
- Michels, P. 2013. “Guards Joined in Fights at Specialized Juvenile Lockup.” Texas Observer, November 1.
- Convicted and Condemned: The Politics and Policies of Prisoner Reentry
- Evidence-Based Programs Registry: Blueprints for Healthy Youth Development., Evaluation and Program Planning
- Miller v. Alabama, 567 U.S. 2012. https://www.oyez.org/cases/2011/10-9646.
- The Perils of Federalism: Race, Poverty, and the Politics of Crime Control
- Miller, L. 2014. “Making the State Pay: Race, Violence and the Politicization of Crime in Cross-National Perspective.” Paper presented at American Political Science Association Annual Meeting, Politics after the Digital Revolution, Washington D.C.
- The Myth of Mob Rule: Violent Crime and Democratic Politics
- Devolving the Carceral State: Race, Prisoner Reentry, and the Micro-politics of Urban Poverty Management., Punishment & Society
- Miller, M. 2012. “Dauphin County Commissioners Eye Leasing Schaffner Youth Center to Nonprofit.” PennLive, September 19. http://www.pennlive.com/midstate/index.ssf/2012/09/dauphin_county_commissioners_e_1.html.
- Mitman, H. 2016. “Report Asks Philly to Seek ‘New Approach’ for Juveniles Sentenced to Life without Parole.” Philly Voice, April 1. http://www.phillyvoice.com/report-seeks-philly-seek-new-approach-juveniles-sentenced-life-without-parole/.
- Supply-Side Education: Race, Inequality, and the Rise of the Punitive Education State.
- From the New Deal to the War on Schools: Race, Inequality, and the Rise of the Punitive Education State
- The Political Development of Schools as Cause and Solution to Delinquency., Journal of Policy History
- Models for Change. 2021. “Community-Based Alternatives: Local Alternatives to Formal Processing and Incarceration.” http://modelsforchange.net/reform-areas/community-based-alternatives/index.html.
- Moll, J. 2011. “A Fresh Start for Juvenile Justice.” Odessa (TX) American, December 7.
- Moore,, Former Al Price Facility May Not Be Empty Much Longer., The Port Arthur News
- Montgomery v. Louisiana, 577 U.S. 2016. https://www.oyez.org/cases/2015/14-280.
- Morales v. Turman, 430 U.S. 322 1977. https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/430/322/.
- The Delegated Welfare State: Medicare, Markets, and the Governance of Social Policy
- The Voluntary Sector’s War on Poverty., Journal of Policy History
- Moyers & Company. (2014). “Public Schools for Sale?” March 28. https://billmoyers.com/episode/public-schools-for-sale/.
- M.S.T. Services. n.d. “MST Services: Multisystemic Therapy for Juveniles.” http://www.mstservices.com/.
- Multi-Health Systems Inc. n.d. “Helping You Help Others.” https://mhs.com/about-mhs/.
- Multisystemic Therapy. 2015. “MST Treatment Model.” http://mstservices.com/what-is-mst/treatment-model.
- Multisystemic Therapy Services. 2007. “MST Services.” https://www.mstservices.com/.
- The Globalization of Crime Control—The Case of Youth and Juvenile Justice: Neo-liberalism, Policy Convergence and International Conventions., Theoretical Criminology
- What SB-384 Means for California’s Sex Offenders.”
- Police, Power, and the Production of Racial Boundaries: Critical Issues in Crime and Society
- The First Civil Right: How Liberals Built Prison America
- Murphy, B. 2007. “Plan to Thin Out TYC Lockups Blasted.” Houston Chronicle, May 10.
- MyNewsLA. 2019. “Criminal Justice Advocates Push County Official to Cancel Jails Contract.” August 6. https://mynewsla.com/crime/2019/08/06/criminal-justice-advocates-push-county-officials-to-cancel-jails-contract/.
- Nash, S. 2011. “County May Request Ron Jackson’s Unit 2.” Brownwood (TX) Bulletin, December 31.
- Nash, S. 2012. “West: Ron Jackson Unit 2 Is Going to Brown County.” Brownwood (TX) Bulletin, January 20.
- Nash, S. 2014. “G4S Youth Services Facility Finding Home in Brownwood.” Brownwood (TX) Bulletin, January 1. http://www.brownwoodtx.com/news/community/article_d63db500-7342-11e3-a2d1-001a4bcf887a.html.
- Implementing the Personal Responsibility Act of 1996: A First Look
- National Alliance on Mental Illness. 2011. “State Mental Health Cuts: The Continuing Crisis.” http://www.nami.org/Template.cfm?Section=state_budget_cuts_report.
- National Center for Juvenile Justice. 2021. “Easy Access to the Census of Juveniles in Residential Placement: 1997–2019. https://www.ojjdp.gov/ojstatbb/ezacjrp/.
- National Institute of Justice. 2011. “Program Profile: Project Towards No Drug Abuse.” https://crimesolutions.ojp.gov/ratedprograms/73#pd.
- National Juvenile Justice Network. 2015. “Policy Platform: Confining Youth for Profit.” https://www.njjn.org/our-work/confining-youth-for-profit—policy-platform.
- National Youth Screening & Assessment Project. 2009. “Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI) in PA.” PowerPoint presentation. https://www.umassmed.edu/globalassets/center-for-mental-health-services-research/documents/products-publications/presentations/juvenile-justice/youth.pdf.
- National Youth Screening & Assessment Partners. 2021. “Massachusetts Youth Screening Instrument- Second Version (MAYSI-2).” http://nysap.us/maysi2/index.html.
- Consequences of the Privatized Funding of Medical Care and of the Privatized Electoral Process., American Journal of Public Health
- Explaining Dimensions of State-Level Punitiveness in the United States: The Roles of Social, Economic, and Cultural Factors.”
- Electronically Monitored Punishment: International and Critical Perspectives
- Body and Soul: The Black Panther Party and the Fight against Medical Discrimination
- Texas’s Progress on Juvenile Justice.” Editorial.
- New York Times
- The Texas Way on Juvenile Justice.” Editorial.
- Reforming the Nation’s Largest Juvenile Justice System.
- Governor’s Early Release Plan an Injustice for California.
- Realignment Dumps State’s Responsibility on Local Governments.
- County Probation Camps and Ranches for Juvenile Offenders.
- Nonprofit Metrics, LLC. 2022. “Incarcerated Men Putting Away Childish Things.” https://www.causeiq.com/organizations/project-impact-incarcerated-men-putting-away-child,943402534/.
- Juvenile Detention Not the Way It’s Done.
- NPR. 2014. “State-by-State Court Fees.” May 19. https://www.npr.org/2014/05/19/312455680/state-by-state-court-fees.
- NPR Staff. 2014. “‘Kids for Cash’ Captures a Juvenile Justice Scandal from Two Sides.” March 8. https://www.npr.org/2014/03/08/287286626/kids-for-cash-captures-a-juvenile-justice-scandal-from-two-sides.
- Juvenile Corrections in the Era of Reform: A Meta-Synthesis of Qualitative Studies., International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology
- Poverty Knowledge: Social Science, Social Policy, and the Poor in Twentieth-Century US History
- Social Science for What? Philanthropy and the Social Question in a World Turned Right-Side Up
- The Search for American Political Development
- Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. 2022. “Project M2 – Mobilizing Mentors.” https://ojjdp.ojp.gov/funding/awards/2008-ju-fx-0022.
- Osborn,, Lawsuit: Bartlett State Jail Allowed Assault, Hazing.
- Owler. 2021. “Multi-Health Systems, Competitors, Revenue, and Number of Employees.” https://www.owler.com/company/mhs.
- The Toughest Beat: Politics, Punishment, and the Prison Officers’ Union in California
- Report: PA DHS Failing Vulnerable Children Due to Lack of Oversight at Placement Facilities.”
- Palomino, J., and J. Tucker. 2019. “Vanishing Violence.” San Francisco Chronicle. March 21. https://projects.sfchronicle.com/2019/vanishing-violence/.
- Parental Survival Skills. 2022. “About Us.” http://nevertheless-psst.blogspot.com/.
- Parker,, Change They Can't Believe In: The Tea Party and Reactionary Politics in America
- Paterson, C. 2013. “Commercial Crime Control and the Development of Electronically Monitored Punishment: A Global Perspective.” In Electronically Monitored Punishment: International and Critical Perspectives, ed. M. Nellis, K. Beyens, and D. Kaminski, 211–228. New York, NY: Willan.
- A Qualitative Assessment of the Pains Experienced on Electronic Monitoring., International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology
- Peguero, J. 2017. “Teen’s Death at Brownwood Juvenile Detention Center Prompts Investigation,” KTX, June 7. https://ktxs.com/archive/teens-death-at-brownwood-juvenile-detention-center-prompts-investigation.
- 237Pennsylvania Budget and Policy Center. 2007. “Understanding Welfare Spending in Pennsylvania.” http://www.pennbpc.org/pdf/PBPCUnderStdWelfare.pdf.
- Pennsylvania Commission on Crime and Delinquency. 2012. “Pennsylvania’s Juvenile Justice System Enhancement Strategy.” http://www.pccd.pa.gov/JuvenileJustice/Documents/JJSES%20Monograph%20Final%20version%20press%20ready%2005%2025%2012.pdf.
- Pennsylvania Commission on Crime and Delinquency. 2021. “Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.” https://www.pccd.pa.gov/Juvenile-Justice/Pages/default.aspx.
- The DMC Corporation.”
- March 1999 Newsletter., Pennsylvania Juvenile Justice
- January 2004 Newsletter., Pennsylvania Juvenile Justice
- June 2004 Newsletter., Pennsylvania Juvenile Justice
- Pennsylvania Juvenile Court Judges’ Commission. 2004c. “Pennsylvania Juvenile Justice Newsletter.” https://www.jcjc.pa.gov/Publications/Newsletters/2004/March.pdf.
- January 2005 Newsletter., Pennsylvania Juvenile Justice
- Pennsylvania Juvenile Court Judges’ Commission. 2005b. “Juvenile Justice in Pennsylvania.” http://www.centerschool.org/restitution/pdf/JuvenileJusticeInPA.pdf.
- April 2008 Newsletter., Pennsylvania Juvenile Justice
- April 2010 Newsletter., Pennsylvania Juvenile Justice
- December 2010 Newsletter., Pennsylvania Juvenile Justice
- March 2010 Newsletter., Pennsylvania Juvenile Justice
- Pennsylvania Juvenile Court Judges’ Commission. 2013. “Juvenile Justice Outcome Measures.” http://www.jcjc.pa.gov/Publications/Documents/2013%20Pennsylvania%20Juvenile%20Justice%20Outcome%20Measures%20Report.pdf.
- January 2015 Newsletter., Pennsylvania Juvenile Justice
- Pennsylvania Juvenile Court Judges’ Commission. 2019. “2019 Juvenile Court Annual Report.” PowerPoint slides. https://www.jcjc.pa.gov/Research-Statistics/Disposition%20Reports/2019%20Juvenile%20Court%20Annual%20Report.pdf.
- Pennsylvania Office of Attorney General Josh Shapiro. (2021). “Open Data: UCR.” https://www.attorneygeneral.gov/open-data-urc-arrests-age/.
- Pennsylvania Office of the Governor. 2013. “Governor Corbett Invests $10 Million for At-Risk Youth and Juvenile Offenders.” Cision PR Newswire. https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/governor-corbett-invests-10-million-for-at-risk-youth-and-juvenile-offenders-186952501.html.
- Pennsylvania State Legislature. 1976. “Senate Bill 852.” http://www.legis.state.pa.us/cfdocs/billInfo/bill_history.cfm?syear=1975&sind=0&body=S&type=B&bn=852.
- Pennsylvania State Legislature. 2002. “Act 215.” http://www.legis.state.pa. us/cfdocs/legis/li/uconsCheck.cfm?yr=2002&sessInd=0&act=215.
- Pennsylvania State Legislature. 2003. “Act 21.” http://www.legis.state.pa.us/WU01/LI/HJ/2003/0/20030716.pdf.
- Pennsylvania State Legislature. 2012a. “Act 204.” http://www.legis.state.pa.us/cfdocs/legis/li/uconsCheck.cfm?yr=2012&sessInd=0&act=204.
- 238Pennsylvania State Legislature. 2012b. “SB 850.” http://www.legis.state.pa.us/cfdocs/billInfo/bill_history.cfm?syear=2011&sind=0&body=S&type=B&bn=850.
- Texas Tough: The Rise of America’s Prison Empire
- Petek, G. 2019. Reorganization of the Division of Juvenile Justice, The Legislative Analyst’s Office. Retrieved from https://lao.ca.gov/reports/2019/3998/juvenile-justice-041019.pdf.
- Realigning Corrections, California Style., Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
- Locked In: The True Causes of Mass Incarceration and How to Achieve Real Reform
- It’s about Quality: Private Confinement Facilities in Juvenile Justice., Criminology & Public Policy
- Rehabilitation in the Punitive Era: The Gap between Rhetoric and Reality in US Prison Programs., Law & Society Review
- Mass Probation: Toward a More Robust Theory of State Variation in Punishment., Punishment & Society
- Dismantling the Welfare State? Reagan, Thatcher and the Politics of Retrenchment
- Increasing Returns, Path Dependence, and the Study of Politics., American Political Science Review
- Historical Institutionalism in Contemporary Political Science., Political Science: The State of the Discipline
- The Transformation of American Politics: Activist Government and the Rise of Conservatism
- Pilnik, L., R. G. Schwartz, K. Lindell, J. Feierman, and C. Sorenson. 2019. “Transforming Justice: Bringing Pennsylvania’s Young People Safely Home from Juvenile Justice Placements.” Juvenile Law Center. https://jlc.org/sites/default/files/attachments/2019-10/Transforming_Justice_final.pdf.
- Los Angeles County Votes to Stop Construction of New Jail-Like Facility, Adding Momentum to National Abolition Movement.”
- Pitre, A. 2015. “California Measure Is Step toward True Justice.” Juvenile Justice Information Exchange, June 5.
- TYC Contractors Faced Closures, Lawsuits in Other States.
- The Child Savers: The Invention of Delinquency
- Plimmer, G. 2015. “G4S Dogged by Scandal Provisions As It Returns to Profit.” Financial Times, March 10. http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/c2c877b6-c6fd-11e4-8e1f-00144feab7de.html#axzz3ek9fYhdj.
- The Rise of the Therapeutic State
- Project Towards No Drug Abuse. 2016. “Publications.” University of Southern California Institute for Prevention Research. http://tnd.usc.edu/publications.php.
- Puzzanchera, C., and W. Kang. 2014. “Easy Access to FBI Arrest Statistics 1994–2012.” OJJDP. http://www.ojjdp.gov/ojstatbb/ezaucr/.
- 7.
- Critique of Legal Order: Crime Control in Capitalist Society
- Quirino, B. 2015. “Juvenile Hall to Close.” Lake County (CA) Record-Bee, October 8. http://www.record-bee.com/article/NQ/20151008/NEWS/151009866.
- Analysis: Texas’ School Finance Problem in One Pesky Chart.
- Rangel, E. 2012. “Juvenile Justice: State Sees Decrease in Incarcerated Youth.” Amarillo (TX) Globe-News, December 28.
- Reign of Error: The Hoax of the Privatization Movement and the Danger to America’s Public Schools
- From Playpens to Prisons: What the Gang Violence and Juvenile Crime Prevention Act of 1998 Does to California’s Juvenile Justice System and Reasons to Repeal It., Golden Gate Law Review
- Follow the Money: How Foundation Dollars Change Public School Politics
- Stirrings in the Jug: Black Politics in the Post-Segregation Era
- Class Notes: Posing as Politics and Other Thoughts on the American Scene
- Race, Class, Crisis: The Discourse of Racial Disparity and Its Analytical Discontents., Socialist Register
- Toward Freedom: The Case against Race Reductionism
- Just Giving: Why Philanthropy Is Failing Democracy and How It Can Do Better
- Reinlie, L. 2008. “Lax Oversight Plagues Private Prisons in Texas.” Texans for Public Justice and Grassroots Leadership. http://www.privateci.org/private_pics/Watch_Your_Assets_Grassroots_Leadership_report_on_Private_Prisons_in_TX_2008.pdf.
- Parole, Snitch, or Die: California’s Supermax Prisons and Prisoners, 1997–2007.”, Punishment & Society
- Renzema, M. 2013. “Evaluative Research on Electronic Monitoring.” In Electronically Monitored Punishment: International and Critical Perspectives, ed. M. Nellis, K. Beyens, and D. Kaminski. Willan, 247–272. New York, NY.
- A California Court for Young Adults Calls on Science.”
- ReWired For Change [@ReWired4Change]. 2010. https://twitter.com/rewired4change?lang=en.
- Total Confinement: Madness and Reason in the Maximum Security Prison
- Ridolfi, L. W., M. Washburn, and F. Guzman. 2017. “Youth Prosecuted as Adults in California; Addressing Racial, Ethnic, and Geographic Disparities after the Repeal of Direct File.” Youth Law. http://www.cjcj.org/uploads/cjcj/documents/youth_prosecuted_as_adults_in_california.pdf.
- Texas Youth Commission Wants Increased Pepper Spray Use Despite Settlement.”
- Robbins v. Glenn County (Ca. 1987). https://www.ylc.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/robbinsconsent.pdf.
- Juvenile Justice Sourcebook: Past, Present, and Future
- Age of Fracture
- Foundations and Public Policy: The Mask of Pluralism
- Foundations and Collaboration., Critical Sociology
- Mentally Ill Don’t Belong in Jailhouse., Temple (TX) Daily Telegram
- Roper v. Simmons, 543 U.S. 551 2005. https://www.oyez.org/cases/2004/03-633.
- 240Rovner, J. 2014. “Slow to Act: State Responses to 2012 Supreme Court Mandate on Life without Parole.” The Sentencing Project. http://sentencingproject.org/doc/publications/jj_State_Responses_to_Miller.pdf.
- Penal Change as Penal Layering: A Case Study of Proto-Prison Adoption and Capital Punishment Reduction, 1785–1822., Punishment & Society
- Punishment and Social Structure
- Sagona, N. 2014. “Camp Kilpatrick: The New LA Model.” Malibu Times, February 19. http://www.malibutimes.com/news/article_fad04280-9975-11e3-bbbb-001a4bcf887a.html.
- San Diego County (California) District Attorney. 2015. “Navigating the Juvenile Court System.” http://www.sdcda.org/prosecuting/juvenile/navigating-juvenile-court-system.html.
- Sanchez, Cyn Yamachiro, Shiela Balkan, Jose Osuna, Mack Jenkins, and Saul Sarabia. 2019. “Summary Report of the Los Angeles County Probation Systemic Reform Plan.” Los Angeles County Probation Reform and Implementation Team. http://prit.lacounty.gov/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=BmWgSiQvaVQ%3d&portalid=37.
- Sandberg, L. 2008. “Watchdog: Texas Holds Young Offenders in Solitary for Weeks.” Houston Chronicle. January 16. http://www.chron.com/news/houston-texas/article/Watchdog-Texas-holds-young-offenders-in-solitary-1647523.php.
- Savage, Q. 2015. “Shutting Down the Board of State and Community Corrections.” Community Alliance, August 1. http://fresnoalliance.com/wordpress/?p=11177.
- Sawyer,, Youth Confinement: The Whole Pie 2019
- The Politics of Street Crime: Criminal Process and Cultural Obsession
- Progressive Punishment: Job Loss, Jail Growth, and the Neoliberal Logic of Carceral Expansion
- Schill, R. 2011. “Texas under Rick Perry Makes Strides in Juvenile Justice Reform.” Juvenile Justice Information Exchange, August 29.
- Plata v. Brown and Realignment: Jails, Prisons, Courts, and Politics., Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review
- President of the Other America: Robert Kennedy and the Politics of Poverty
- Crime Prevention: Theory and Practice
- Building the Prison State: Race and the Politics of Mass Incarceration
- Radical Nonintervention: Rethinking the Delinquency Problem
- Reforming Juvenile Detention: No More Hidden Closets
- Schwartz, R. G. 2013. “Pennsylvania and MacArthur’s Models for Change: The Story of a Successful Public-Private Partnership.” Juvenile Law Center and The MacArthur Foundation. http://jlc.org/sites/default/files/publication_pdfs/Pennsylvania%20and%20MacArthur’s%20Models%20for%20Change%20-%20Story%20of%20a%20Successful%20Partnership.pdf.
- Why Political Scientists Should Study Organized Philanthropy., PS-Political Science & Politics
- Decarceration: Community Treatment and the Deviant: A Radical View
- Bifurcation Nation: American Penal Policy in Late Mass Incarceration., Punishment & Society
- The Mentally Ill in Community-Based Sheltered Care: A Study of Community Care and Social Integration
- Charges, Denials of Corruption in Brown County, but No Investigation.
- Sentencing Project. 2013. “Interactive Map.” http://www.sentencingproject.org/map/map.cfm.
- Sexton, T. L., and J. F. Alexander. 2000. “Functional Family Therapy.” Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/ojjdp/184743.pdf.
- Supermax: Controlling Risk through Solitary Confinement
- Sharkey, J. 2019. “President’s Letter: Not a Moment, but a Movement.” Chicago Union Teacher, November. https://www.ctulocal1.org/chicago-union-teacher/2019/11/not-a-moment-but-a-movement/.
- Shaw v. San Francisco (Ca. 1990). https://casetext.com/case/shaw-v-san-francisco.
- Private and Public Juvenile Placements: Is There a Difference?”, Crime & Delinquency
- Poor Discipline
- Governing through Crime: How the War on Crime Transformed American Democracy and Created a Culture of Fear
- How Well Do Juvenile Risk Assessments Measure Factors to Target in Treatment? Examining Construct Validity., Psychological Assessment
- Skiba, R. J., and K. Knesting. 2002. “Zero Tolerance, Zero Evidence: An Analysis of School Disciplinary Practice.” In Zero Tolerance: Can Suspension and Expulsion Keep School Safe?, ed. R. J. Skiba and G. G. Noam, 17–43. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass/Wiley.
https://doi.org/10.1002/yd.23320019204
- Racial Democracy and the Black Metropolis: Housing Policy in Postwar Chicago
- A Quiet Revolution: Probation Subsidy.
- American Political Thought
- Nonprofits for Hire: The Welfare State in the Age of Contracting
- Social and Environmental Entrepreneurs. 2021. “Our Board.” https://saveourplanet.org/about-see/our-team/our-board/.
- The Color of Devolution: Race, Federalism, and the Politics of Social Control.”, American Journal of Political Science
- Disciplining the Poor: Neoliberal Paternalism and the Persistent Power of Race
- Knocking the Hustle: Against the Neoliberal Turn in Black Politics
- Technical Skill Attainment and Post-Program Outcomes: An Analysis of Pennsylvania Secondary Career and Technical Education Graduates., National Research Center for Career and Technical Education
- State Policy Network. 2011. “History.” http://www.spn.org/.
- Pivotal Decade: How the United States Traded Factories for Finance in the Seventies
- Steinberg, L. 2018. “Understanding Adolescent Development, Reforming Juvenile Justice.” MacArthur Foundation. https://www.macfound.org/press/40-years-40-stories/research-network-adolescent-development-and-juvenile-justice/.
- 242Steptoe, G., and A. Goldet. 2016. “Why Some Young Sex Offenders Are Held Indefinitely.” Marshall Project, January 27. https://www.themarshallproject.org/2016/01/27/why-some-young-sex-offenders-are-held-indefinitely#.Y5L3ovyj5.
- Steven v. Kern County (Ca. 1991). https://caselaw.findlaw.com/ca-supreme-court/1554011.html.
- Stiles, M. 2019. “Danger and Dysfunction in L.A. County Juvenile Halls; Youth Rehabilitation Facilities Are So Marred by Tension and ‘Chaos’ That Some Staffers Fear Reporting for Work.” Los Angeles Times, May 19. https://enewspaper.latimes.com/infinity/article_share.aspx?guid=62805e33-b182-4944-bee1-9f40fc94f9e7.
- Get out of Jail, Inc.: Does the Alternatives-to-Incarceration Industry Profit from Injustice?”
- Stoneleigh Foundation. 2013a. “The Pennsylvania Academic and Career/Technical Training Alliance.” http://stoneleighfoundation.org/sites/default/files/Moving%20the%20Dial%20-%20Candace%20Putter.pdf.
- Stoneleigh Foundation. 2013b. “Pennsylvania Academic and Career/Technical Training (PACTT) Project.” http://stoneleighfoundation.org/content/pennsylvania-academic-and-careertechnical-training-pactt-project.
- Students Against Destructive Decisions. 2022. “About Us.” https://www.sadd.org/aboutus.
- The Collapse of American Criminal Justice
- Sunset Advisory Commission. 2009. Final Report. http://www.sunset.state.tx.us/81.htm.
- Swanson, D. J. 2007. “Youth Jail Sex Abuse Reported.” Dallas Morning News, February 18.
- Two Years after Wordsworth Teen’s Death, More Details Released but No Charges.”
- Texas Appleseed. 2011. “Sowing the Seeds of Justice.” http://www.texasappleseed.net/.
- Texas Appleseed. 2014. “Pro Bono Partners.” http://www.texasappleseed.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=28&Itemid=288.
- Texas Appleseed. 2015. “Class, Not Court: Reconsidering Texas’ Criminalization of Truancy.” http://www.texasappleseed.net/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=1208&Itemid=.
- Texas Appleseed. 2021. “Institutional Donors.” https://www.texasappleseed.org/institutional-donors.
- Texas Association of Counties. 2012. “County Expenditures Survey 2011: The County Information Project.” https://www.county.org/about-texas-counties/county-data/Documents/Expenditures-2011-Final.pdf.
- Texas Center for Justice and Equity. 2021. “Publications Library.” https://texascje.org/library?field_policy_areas_tid=2&field_publication_type_value=All&sort_by=field_publication_date_value&sort_order=ASC&field_policy_areas_target_id=All&page=5.
- Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts. 2019. “Sources of Revenue: A History of State Taxes and Fees 1972–2018.” https://comptroller.texas.gov/transparency/revenue/docs/96-1774.pdf.
- Texas Criminal Justice Coalition. 2012. “Community Solutions for Youth in Trouble.” http://www.texascjc.org/community-solutions-youth.
- Texas Department of Public Safety. 2019. “TXGANG Index: Operating Policies and Procedures.” https://www.dps.texas.gov/txgangs/gangOPP.pdf.
- Texas House of Representatives. 2007. “February 26th Corrections, 10:10am. 80th Session Committee Broadcast Archives.” http://www.house.state.tx.us/video-audio/committee-broadcasts/80/.
- 243Texas Juvenile Justice Department. 2012a. “Comprehensive Report: Youth Reentry and Reintegration.” https://www.tjjd.texas.gov/publications/reports/2012Reentry ReintegrationReport.pdf.
- Texas Juvenile Justice Department. 2012b. “Juvenile Recidivism Trends. Data Coordinators Conference: Regional Training.” http://www.tjjd.texas.gov/statistics/2012DataCoordConf/Recidivism%20Trends.pdf.
- Texas Juvenile Justice Department. 2013. “CoNEXTions.” http://www.tjjd.texas.gov/programs/conextions.aspx.
- Texas Juvenile Justice Department. 2014a. “Allocation of State Funds to Local Communities.” http://www.tjjd.texas.gov/publications/other/searchcontracts.aspx.
- Texas Juvenile Justice Department. 2014b. “Texas Juvenile Justice Department Statistical Report Calendar Years 1992–2012.” http://www.tjjd.texas.gov/pub lications/default.aspx.
- Texas Juvenile Justice Department. 2015. “Registered Juvenile Facilities in Texas.” http://www.tjjd.texas.gov/publications/other/facilityinfo.aspx?ID=dBbw2leV0nhYaDg5vYkCIxVim/ZWXA3rIc1PRUBbnJITFC1jevmItg==.
- Texas Juvenile Justice Department. 2017a. “Workforce Development.” https://www2.tjjd.texas.gov/programs/workforce/pie.aspx.
- Texas Juvenile Justice Department. 2017b. “CoNEXTions.” https://www2.tjjd.texas.gov/programs/conextions.aspx.
- Texas Juvenile Justice Department. 2021a. “Operating Budget.” https://www.tjjd.texas.gov/index.php/doc-library/category/613-operating-budget.
- Texas Juvenile Justice Department. 2021b. “Quarterly Reports.” https://www.tjjd.texas.gov/index.php/doc-library/category/283-quarterly-reports.
- Texas Juvenile Probation Commission 2010. “Annual Report to the Governor and Legislative Budget Board: Juvenile Probation Appropriations, Riders and Special Diversion Programs.” https://www2.tjjd.texas.gov/publications/reports/RPTOTH201202.pdf.
- Texas Legislative Budget Board. 2013. “Statewide Criminal Justice Recidivism and Revocation Rates.” http://www.lbb.state.tx.us/Public_Safety_Criminal_Justice/RecRev_Rates/Statewide%20Criminal%20Justice%20Recidivism%20and%20Revocation%20Rates2012.pdf.
- Texas Legislative Budget Board. 2019. “Adult and Juvenile Correctional Populations Projections: Fiscal Years 2019 to 2024.” January. https://www.lbb.state.tx.us/Documents/Publications/Policy_Report/4910_Correctional_Population_Projections_Jan_2019.pdf.
- Texas Legislative Budget Board. 2020. “Adult and Juvenile Correctional Population Projects: Fiscal Years 2020 to 2025.” Staff to the 86th Texas Legislature. https://www.lbb.state.tx.us/Documents/Publications/Policy_Report/5939_Population_Projections_June_2020.pdf.
- Texas Public Policy Foundation. 2007. “Governor Perry Signs TYC Reform Bill.” June 8. https://www.texaspolicy.com/governor-perry-signs-tyc-reform-bill/.
- Texas Public Policy Foundation. 2011. “About.” http://www.texaspolicy.com/.
- Texas State Auditor. 2020. “An Annual Report on Classified Employee Turnover for Fiscal Year 2020.” https://sao.texas.gov/SAOReports/ReportNumber?id=21-703.
- Texas State Employees Union. 2021. “TJJD Budget Requests Calls for Pay Raises, Increased Staffing.” https://cwa-tseu.org/tjjd-budget-request-calls-for-pay-raises-increased-staffing/.
- Texas State Legislature. 2007. “Senate Bill 103.” http://www.legis.state. tx.us/billlookup/Text.aspx?LegSess=80R&Bill=SB103.
- Texas State Legislature. 2011. “Senate Bill 653.” http://www.capitol.state.tx.us/tlodocs/82R/billtext/pdf/SB00653F.pdf.
- TSTA: Teachers Taking Extra Jobs and Subsidizing Under-Funded Education Budget.”
- Texas Youth Commission. 2009. “Brief History of the Texas Youth Commission: From the Roots of Texas Juvenile Justice through the Present.” http://www.lb5.uscourts.gov/ArchivedURLs/Files/08-70042(1).pdf.
- 244Therolf, G. 2015. “Advocates Seek to End Solitary Confinement Options for Young Offenders.” Los Angeles Times, May 28. http://www.latimes.com/local/crime/la-me-solitary-juvenile-20150528-story.html.
- Thompson, D. 2013. “Juvenile Justice: California Locking Up Far Fewer Young People.” Associated Press, June 17. http://bakersfieldnow.com/news/local/juvenile-justice-california-locking-up-far-fewer-young-people.
- Thompson, D. 2018. “California Weighs Limits to Pepper Spray in Juvenile Jails.” AP News. https://www.apnews.com/ad0613ffdce0482e805b65275ff41d94.
- Thompson, D. 2019. “Inspectors Slam Stockton Prison Medical Facility.” Recordnet. https://www.recordnet.com/news/20190425/inspectors-slam-stockton-prison-medical-facility.
- Thompson, D. 2020. “Governor Newsom Wants to Shrink California Prisons as a Part of Budget Cuts.” KRCR, May 16. https://krcrtv.com/news/local/governor-newsom-wants-to-shrink-california-prisons-as-a-part-of-budget-cuts.
- Downsizing the Carceral State: The Policy Implications of Prison Guard Unions., Criminology and Public Policy
- Rethinking Working Class Struggle through the Lens of the Carceral State: Toward a Labor History of Inmates and Guards., Labor: Studies in Working-Class History of the Americas
- 3 CBS Philly. 2019. “State Orders Emergency Removal of All Children Remaining at Glen Mills School Following Abuse Allegations.” March 25. https://philadelphia.cbslocal.com/2019/03/25/glen-mills-school-emergency-removal-order-abuse-allegations/.
- No Easy Answers: Sex Offender Laws in the U.S.”, Human Rights Watch
- Punishing Race: A Continuing American Dilemma
- Torbet, P., H. Hurst Jr., and M. Soler, M. 2006. “Guidelines for Collecting and Recording the Race and Ethnicity of Juveniles in Conjunction with Juvenile Delinquency Disposition Reporting to the Juvenile Court Judges’ Commission.” National Center for Juvenile Justice. https://www.ojp.gov/ncjrs/virtual-library/abstracts/guidelines-collecting-and-recording-race-and-ethnicity-juveniles.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-6988.2007.tb00138.x
- The Growth of Incarceration in the United States: Exploring Causes and Consequences
- Trimble, M. 2019. “How Alameda County, CA, Connects Justice Partners with Odyssey.” Tyler Technologies. https://www.tylertech.com/resources/blog-articles/how-alameda-county-ca-connects-justice-partners-with-odyssey.
- How Texas Killed Welfare: ‘We Spend Our Dollar on Anything but Poor Families.’ ”
- U.S. Department of Justice. 2008. “Los Angeles County Juvenile Probation Camps, Juvenile Justice Docket.” http://www.justice.gov/crt/about/spl/casesummaries.php#lacamps-summ.
- U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. 1994. “Juvenile Intensive Supervision: Planning Guide, Program Summary.” https://www.google.com/books/edition/Juvenile_Intensive_Supervision/bOj7Da-1NWQC?hl=en&gbpv=0.
- U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. 2009. “Juvenile Suicide in Confinement: A National Survey.” https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/ojjdp/213691.pdf.
- U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. 2013. “Statistical Briefing Book: Juveniles in Corrections.” http://www.ojjdp.gov/ojstatbb/corrections/qa08201.asp?qaDate=2013.
- Valentino, S., and M. Wheeler. 2013. “Big Brothers Big Sisters Report to America: Positive Outcomes for a Positive Future.” Big Brothers Big Sisters of America. http://www.bbbs.org/atf/cf/%7B8778D05C-7CCB-4DEE-9D6E-70F27C016CC9%7D/20130425_BBBSA_YOS2013.pdf245.
- Vincent, G. M. 2012. “Risk Assessment in Juvenile Justice: A Guidebook for Implementation.” Implementation Science and Practice Advances Research Center Publications. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/psych_cmhsr/573.
- Sen. Leland Yee, S.F. Chinatown Figure Arrested in
- The Scholarly Myths of the New Law and Order Doxa., Socialist Register
- Punishing the Poor: The Neoliberal Government of Social Insecurity
- Wadsworth, J. 2019. “Traffic Court’s Ticketing Glitch Is Latest in Long line of Missteps Linked to Tyler Technologies.” San Jose Inside, March 20. https://www.sanjoseinside.com/2019/03/20/traffic-courts-ticketing-glitch-is-latest-in-long-line-of-missteps-linked-to-tyler-technologies/.
- Alcatraz and Marion Evaluating Super-Maximum Custody., Punishment & Society
- The Black Child-Savers; Racial Democracy and Juvenile Justice
- Agency Culture Resists Change.
- Ward, M. 2007b. “State Youth Agency Fixes Could Cost $100 Million.” Austin American-Statesman, April 5.
- Ward,, Texas confronts broken juvenile justice system, again., Austin American-Statesman
- Incarcerated Texas Juvenile: ‘This Place Is Hurting Me More Than Helping Me.’ ”
- Warren v. Saenz (Ca. 2001). https://www.ylc.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/warrenwrit.pdf.
- Washburn, M., and R. Menart. 2019. “Unmet Promises: Continued Violence and Neglect in California’s Division of Juvenile Justice.” Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice. http://www.cjcj.org/uploads/cjcj/documents/unmet_promises_continued_violence_and_neglect_in_california_division_of_juvenile_justice.pdf.
- Regional Juvenile Facility Moving to Old Crockett State School Building., KTRE News,
- Texas Leads the Way in Needed Criminal Justice Reforms.” Editorial.
- Neoliberalism in the Trenches: Urban Policy and Politics in the United States and the United Kingdom.
- Frontlash: Race and the Development of Punitive Crime Policy., Studies in American Political Development
- Politics and Jobs: The Boundaries of Employment Policy in the United States
- 27: 297–341., 297
- Troubled Youths Need Help.
- This Malibu Camp Wants Juvenile Justice to Be More Like Rehab Than Prison.”
- The Construction and Stewardship of Responsible yet Precarious Subjects: Punitive Ideology, Rehabilitation, and ‘Tough Love’ among Parole Personnel.”, Punishment & Society
- 246Wetzel, J. E. 2012. “Justice Reinvestment Is Key to Reforming Pennsylvania Corrections.” PennLive, March 17. http://www.pennlive.com/editorials/index.ssf/2012/03/justice_reinvestment_is_key_to.html.
- WHYY. 2009. “Pennsylvania: One of the Most Regressive Tax States.” December 1. https://whyy.org/articles/pa-one-of-the-most-regressive-tax-states/.
- WHYY. 2019. “Beaten behind Closed Doors: A Look into Abuse at Glen Mills Schools.” February 25. https://whyy.org/episodes/beaten-behind-closed-doors-a-look-into-abuse-at-glen-mills-schools/.
- Willis, D. J., J. Fensterwald, Y. Xie, M. Levin, and J. Osborn D’Agostino. 2018. “States in Motion: Visualizing How Education Funding Has Changed over Time.” EdSource, November 14. https://edsource.org/2015/states-in-motion-school-finance-naep-child-poverty/83303.
- Wood, M., S. Ward, S. Herzenberg, M. Price, C. Lilienthal, P. Dennis, E. Roberts. 2008. “The Common Good: What Pennsylvania’s Budget and Tax Policies Mean to You.” Pennsylvania Budget and Policy Center. https://www.pennbpc.org/pdf/PBPC_Tax_Primer_08.pdf.
- Battle for Bed-Stuy: The Long War on Poverty in
- Yates, R. 2016. “Questions Loom over Fate of Juvenile Murderers.” Morning Call (Allentown, PA), January 26. http://www.mcall.com/news/nationworld/pennsylvania/mc-scotus-juvenile-life-without-parole-whats-next-20160126-story.html.
- Youth Advocate Programs. 2013. “Preventing Youth Violence.” http://www.yapinc.org/Portals/0/Documents/Resources/Preventing%20Youth%20Violence.pdf.
- Youth Crisis Center. 2022. “SNAP (Stop Now And Plan).” https://youthcrisiscenter.org/our-programs/snap/.
- Youth Law Center. 2014. “YLC Files DOJ Complaint over Use of Pepper Spray.” July 28. http://www.ylc.org/2014/07/ylc-files-doj-complaint-over-use-of-pepper-spray/.
- Youth Law Center. 2018. “Return of Organization Exempt from Income Tax: Form 990.” https://ylc.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/YLC-2018-990.pdf.
- Youth Reinvestment Fund. n.d. “Preventing the Harm of Justice System Involvement.” https://a59.asmdc.org/sites/a59.asmdc.org/files/pdf/YRF_Fact_Sheet.pdf.
- Youth, The Philadelphia Inquirer
- Zawacki, S., and P. Torbet. 2004. “Juvenile Detention Capacity and Utilization in Pennsylvania.” National Center for Juvenile Justice, Pittsburgh, PA. http://www.ncjj.org/PDF/detcapacity.pdf.
- Ziff-Rosenzweig, D. 2020. “ ‘They Are Hurting Them’: Advocacy Groups Ask Fed to Investigate Sexual Assaults, Gang Violence in Texas Youth Lockups.” ABC KSAT, October 21. https://www.ksat.com/news/texas/2020/10/21/they-are-hurting-them-advocacy-groups-ask-feds-to-investigate-sexual-assaults-gang-violence-in-texas-youth-lockups/.
- The Scale of Imprisonment
- Zuckerman, M. 2014. “Harsh Sentencing, Overstuffed Prisons—It’s Time for Reform.” Wall Street Journal, May 2.
About this publication
Number of citations | 0 |
Number of works in the list of references | 676 |
Journal indexed in Scopus | No |
Journal indexed in Web of Science | No |